Actually, what allot of companies did (and I believe this did carry on into the 1950's) was to add a steam engine to run the main shaft along with the water wheel. This way they could still use the free water power when available, and steam power when it wasn't. My Dad was in the National Guard in the mid 1950's and he was in the Deposit, NY area. One of his buddies had an uncle who worked in a machine shop in the area and my Dad went there and was quite astonished to see the working waterwheel. I think this one was electric powered not steam. But it did maintain the waterwheel.